The Pearl of the Silk Road: Top Highlights and Things to do in Samarkand

Samarkand, the renowned pearl of the Silk Road, is one of the most awe-inspiring destinations in Central Asia. Registan Square, flanked by three majestic madrasas, stands as the city’s undisputed highlight—a true architectural masterpiece. A madrasah, also known as a madrasa, is an Islamic educational institution.

Every corner of Samarkand tells stories of conquest, scholarship, and the legacy of Timur (Tamerlan) and his heirs. The Shah-i-Zinda ensemble, with its stunning mausoleums, and the grand Bibi-Khanym Mosque, stand as testaments to the city’s past significance as a cultural and economic hub. Samarkand isn’t just a paradise for history enthusiasts; it’s a dream for culture and photography lovers, who will be captivated by the vivid colors and intricate patterns of its historic buildings. The city’s atmosphere, rich in centuries of trade and knowledge, is sure to enchant you.

The History of Samarkand

Samarkand boasts a rich and layered history that spans millennia. As a key junction on the Silk Road, it was not only a bustling trade center but also a melting pot of diverse cultures and ideas. Imagine caravans laden with fabrics, spices, and treasures traveling across the deserts, stopping in Samarkand to exchange goods and stories with traders from Persia, China, and the Mediterranean.

The 14th century, during the reign of Timur (Tamerlan), was particularly significant. Samarkand became the capital of his empire and was adorned with magnificent structures like the Registan and Bibi-Khanym Mosque—masterpieces that still draw visitors today, serving as enduring symbols of a glorious past.

A Touch of 1001 Nights

Samarkand’s cultural influences are as diverse as its history, reflected in its architecture and traditions. The city is a mesmerizing fusion of Persian, Arabic, and Mongolian elements. As you wander through its streets, you’ll be enchanted by ornate tiles and towering minarets. The madrasas, once centers of Islamic education, now serve as hubs for cultural exchange, continuing to attract visitors from around the world.

Top Sights in Samarkand

Samarkand offers an array of must-see sights that will make your visit unforgettable. From stunning monuments to bustling markets, there’s much to discover in this historic city. Here are the highlights:

Registan Square – A Masterpiece of Architecture

Registan is one of Samarkand’s most iconic landmarks. Surrounded by three magnificent madrasas, this UNESCO World Heritage site is a must-visit. Don’t miss the evening light shows when the buildings light up in vibrant colors—it’s a truly magical experience! The entry fee is around 65,000 som (approx. €4.85).

Bibi-Khanym Mosque

Once the largest mosque in Central Asia, Bibi-Khanym Mosque was built in the 15th century and stands as a powerful symbol of the Timurid Empire’s grandeur. As you step inside, the immense size of the interior will leave you in awe. The towering columns and intricately decorated vaulted ceilings create a breathtaking atmosphere. The entrance fee is 40,000 som (approx. €3).

Gur Emir Mausoleum

The Mausoleum of Timur (Tamerlan) is one of Samarkand’s most impressive sites. The breathtaking dome and lavish interior symbolize the power of this great conqueror. The entry fee is 40,000 som (approx. €3).

Shah-i-Zinda Mausoleum

The Shah-i-Zinda complex is a spiritual and architectural gem. The pathway leading to the mausoleums is lined with narrow alleyways adorned with colorful tiles and intricate patterns. Each tomb here tells its own story. Take your time to immerse yourself in the serenity of this sacred place. The entrance fee is 40,000 som (approx. €3).

Ulugh Beg Observatory

This historic observatory, built in the 15th century, highlights the advanced astronomical knowledge of its time. You can still visit the remains of what was once the world’s largest astronomical instrument. Located just north of the city center, it’s not within walking distance but is worth the trip.

Afrosiab Museum and Ruins

The ruins of the ancient city of Afrosiab and its museum offer a fascinating glimpse into the early history of Samarkand, dating back to the time of Alexander the Great.

Chidr Mosque

The Chidr Mosque offers a peaceful atmosphere and stands out for its simple beauty and exquisite calligraphy. Built in the 14th century, it’s a serene spot to reflect. Admission is free.

Sladostey Bazaar (Sweets Market)

Known for its vast selection of traditional Uzbek sweets, the Sladostey Bazaar, or “Sweets Market,” is a treat for those with a sweet tooth. Discover a variety of delectable desserts and indulge in the city’s sugary delights.

Conclusion

Samarkand is a true treasure, offering a perfect blend of history, culture, and vibrant life. Whether you’re exploring architectural wonders or strolling through the lively streets, this city offers countless ways to experience the rich heritage and everyday life of its people. It’s a destination where you can connect with both the past and present in the most authentic way.

Getting Around Samarkand

Cabs and Cab Apps

Yandex.Taxi is a popular app in Samarkand that allows you to book a cab easily and at a reasonable price. Similar to Uber, it helps bridge the language barrier, ensuring the driver knows your destination and the fare is transparent, so you won’t need to haggle. We found it incredibly convenient during our stay.

Walking Around

Many of Samarkand’s top sights are within walking distance of each other, making it easy to explore on foot. Along the way, look out for cozy cafés or teahouses where you can relax and observe local life. The city is beautifully laid out, with charming pedestrian zones connecting the various landmarks. You’ll also discover small green parks, perfect for a break in the shade.

Arrival and onward journey

Journey from Tashkent to Samarkand

This is probably the most popular route for tourists. Samarkand is around 300 km from Tashkent and is best reached by train. The new ultra-modern express train, which is similar to an ICE in Germany, takes just 2.5 hours to Samarkand. The price in economy class is €20. The trains run several times a day but are always fully booked.

Onward journey - From Samarkand to Bukhara

It is also a good idea to take a train on this route. The faster trains take around two hours, the slower ones 3 to 3.5 hours for the 270 km. Check out our full guide here.